Class 8 - Pollution CBSE Notes

Pollution

➯ Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment, affecting air, water, land, and noise levels.

Air Pollution

Causes

➥ Industrial Emissions: Factories release smoke and chemicals.

➥ Vehicle Emissions: Cars and trucks emit exhaust gases.

➥ Burning of Fossil Fuels: Coal, oil, and gas burning produce pollutants.

➥ Agricultural Activities: Pesticides and fertilizers can release pollutants.

➥ Natural Sources: Volcanic eruptions, forest fires, and dust storms.

Effects

➥ Health Problems: Respiratory diseases, asthma, and lung cancer.

➥ Environmental Damage: Acid rain harms plants and aquatic life.

➥ Climate Change: Increased greenhouse gases contribute to global warming.

➥ Reduced Visibility: Smog and haze reduce visibility, affecting transportation.

Control Measures

➥ Use public transport or carpool.

➥ Promote the use of renewable energy sources.

➥ Implement strict industrial regulations.

➥ Plant more trees to absorb carbon dioxide.

➥ Use eco-friendly products.

Water Pollution

Causes

➥ Industrial Waste: Factories discharge untreated waste into water bodies.

➥ Domestic Sewage: Households release wastewater into rivers and lakes.

➥ Agricultural Runoff: Fertilizers and pesticides wash into water bodies.

➥ Oil Spills: Accidental spills from oil tankers and rigs.

Effects

➥ Health Issues: Contaminated water causes diseases like cholera and dysentery.

➥ Ecosystem Damage: Harm to aquatic plants and animals.

➥ Disruption of Food Chain: Pollutants accumulate in the food chain.

➥ Loss of Biodiversity: Extinction of sensitive species.

Control Measures

➥ Treat industrial waste before discharge.

➥ Use eco-friendly agricultural practices.

➥ Implement wastewater treatment plants.

➥ Educate the public about the importance of clean water.

Land/Soil Pollution

Causes

➥ Industrial Waste: Dumping of hazardous waste and chemicals.

➥ Agricultural Practices: Excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers.

➥ Deforestation: Clearing of forests leads to soil erosion.

➥ Urbanization: Construction activities and waste generation.

Effects

➥ Loss of Fertility: Reduced soil quality affects crop production.

➥ Health Risks: Contaminated soil can lead to health problems in humans and animals.

➥ Water Contamination: Pollutants can leach into groundwater.

➥ Ecosystem Disruption: Harm to plants and soil organisms.

Control Measures

➥ Proper disposal of industrial waste.

➥ Use of organic farming practices.

➥ Reforestation and afforestation.

➥ Sustainable urban planning.

Noise Pollution

Causes

➥ Transportation: Noise from vehicles, airplanes, and trains.

➥ Industrial Activities: Machinery and equipment in factories.

➥ Construction: Building and infrastructure development.

➥ Social Events: Loud music, fireworks, and public gatherings.

Effects

➥ Hearing Loss: Prolonged exposure to loud noise can damage hearing.

➥ Health Issues: Stress, hypertension, and sleep disturbances.

➥ Wildlife Disturbance: Noise can disrupt animal communication and behavior.

➥ Reduced Productivity: Excessive noise affects concentration and efficiency.

Control Measures

➥ Use noise barriers and soundproofing materials.

➥ Implement strict regulations on noise levels.

➥ Promote the use of quieter machinery and vehicles.

➥ Public awareness and education on the impacts of noise pollution.