CBSE Class 8 Notes - Chapter 6: Introduction to HTML

CBSE Class 8 Notes - Chapter 6: Introduction to HTML | Pratap Sanjay Sir

1. Introduction to HTML

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.
It is the standard language used to create and design webpages.
HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language used to structure content.
HTML uses tags to define elements (like headings, paragraphs, images, links, etc.).
Web browsers (Chrome, Edge, Firefox) read HTML and display the content accordingly.

2. Features of HTML

Simple and easy to learn.
Platform-independent (runs on any operating system).
Provides structure to web pages.
Supports multimedia (images, audio, video).
Works with CSS for styling and JavaScript for interactivity.
Supported by all modern browsers.

3. Structure of an HTML Document

Every HTML page has a basic structure as shown below:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Page Title</title>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Hello World!</h1>
    <p>This is my first webpage.</p>
  </body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html> → Defines the document type (HTML5).
<html>...</html> → Root element of the document.
<head>...</head> → Contains metadata (title, styles, scripts).
<body>...</body> → Contains visible page content.

4. Commonly Used HTML Tags

Tag	Meaning	Example
<h1> to <h6>	Headings (largest to smallest)	<h1>Welcome</h1>
<p>	Paragraph	<p>This is a paragraph</p>
<a href="">...</a>	Hyperlink	<a href="https://www.cbse.gov.in">CBSE</a>
<img src="" alt="">	Image	<img src="image.jpg" alt="pic">
<br>	Line Break	Hello<br>World
<ul> <li>...</li> </ul>	Unordered List	<ul> <li>Apple</li> <li>Mango</li> </ul>

5. Attributes in HTML

Attributes provide extra information about HTML tags.
They are always written inside the opening tag.
Attributes are written as name="value".
Examples:
- <img src="pic.jpg" width="200" height="150">
- <a href="https://google.com" target="_blank">Google</a>

6. Lists in HTML

Ordered List (ol) → Numbered list.
Unordered List (ul) → Bulleted list.
Definition List (dl, dt, dd) → Terms with definitions.

7. Example HTML Page

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>My First Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
  <h1>Welcome to HTML</h1>
  <p>This is a simple webpage created using HTML.</p>

  <h2>My Favorite Fruits</h2>
  <ul>
    <li>Apple</li>
    <li>Mango</li>
    <li>Banana</li>
  </ul>

  <img src="fruit.jpg" alt="Fruits" width="200"><br>

  <a href="https://www.google.com" target="_blank">Visit Google</a>
</body>
</html>

8. Importance of HTML

Backbone of all web pages.
Defines the structure of websites.
Works with CSS & JavaScript to make websites attractive and interactive.
Universal standard supported by all browsers.

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Wednesday, 20 August 2025